Analysing formal transformations in sustainable urban structures in Kufa City, Iraq

Abstract The research discusses the formal transformation in urban structure, all cities around world have undergone a series of transformations, resulting radical transformations to their functions. And calculate this descriptive analytical method was applied research. First, local management data and Landsat-9 visual were used after processing by GIS. Then, processed mathematically based on engineering sequences. aims as follows: explore cities, dimensions consequences impacts; identify underlying causes occurrence deriving realistic results from trends such degrees transformation; reduce adverse effects establish sustainable structure taking Kufa City model. covered following two time periods: 2002-2012 2012-2022, they represent during which experienced remarkable result urbanisation random growth. Different forms land use identified, analysed. showed that largest occurred when agricultural transformed into construction land; different ways than original intent. uses visualised digitally at high resolution. led city both planned randomly implemented. other objective is address misuse city’s infrastructure; however, sustainability not considered for several reasons. represents nutritional value it provides nearby with products. It also green barrier environmental conduit city. This recommends managing population growth using basic schemes planning predicting transformations. approach basis transforming structures identifying future structural features ways.